AN ACADEMIC at the London School of Economics has published a paper which finds that Carillion-type outsourcing firms in the UK have a lot of the same inefficiencies as old state-owned enterprises in the Soviet Union, but are more unstable due to their financial model being based on Ponzi scheme-like debts.
https://www.commonspace.scot/articles/12922/outsourcing-firms-inefficient-soviet-state-owned-enterprises-more-unstable-academic