"Here we're advised by the Norges Bank, the Bank of Norway, that "When you borrow from a bank, the bank credits your bank account. The deposit – the money – is created by the bank the moment it issues the loan. The bank does not transfer the money from someone else’s bank account or from a vault full of money. The money lent to you by the bank has been created by the bank itself – out of nothing: fiat – let it become. The money created by the bank does not disappear when it leaves your account. If you use it to make a payment, it is just transferred to the recipient’s account. The money is only removed from circulation when someone uses their deposits to repay a bank, as when we make a loan repayment... To sum up: banks create money out of nothing and withdraw it when loans are repaid."
https://www.norges-bank.no/en/news-events/news-publications/Speeches/2017/2017-04-25-dnva/"